Four Kelp Varieties Turn Out to Be the Same Species — Hokkaido University DNA Analysis Confirms

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The story

A research team led by Associate Professor Shingo Akita of Hokkaido University has announced that four varieties of Japanese kelp long treated as separate names — including Rausu kelp and Rishiri kelp — turned out through DNA analysis to actually be the same species. On the thread, posters listed out the finely subdivided kelp classifications like Ma-kombu and Oni-kombu, and the discussion grew into a debate over the very definition of “species” in biology, with comments like “what’s the difference between a species and a variety?” and “even with identical DNA, the taste and stickiness differ.” Some also noted that Rishiri kelp is known as a premium product, and that the amount of umami varies by region of origin.

Four Kelp Varieties Turn Out to Be the Same Species — Revealed by Hokkaido University Team’s DNA Analysis

Among the kelp growing in Japan’s seas, four varieties that had been called by separate names turned out to actually be the same species.

A research team led by Associate Professor Shingo Akita (phycology) of Hokkaido University compiled these findings based on DNA analysis.

Source: asahi.com / Original article here

What people said

2AnonymousSep 4, 2026 23:00
What about Rausu kelp?
6AnonymousSep 5, 2026 04:11
Re: #2
That'd be Ma-kombu ("true kelp")… people have been saying that for a while
3AnonymousSep 4, 2026 23:02
Put 'em all together and you get Comp-Kombu (a pun on "complete")
4AnonymousSep 4, 2026 23:27
Seaweed is indispensable to Japanese cuisine, and it's touted as a healthy food of the future that grows without any effort — but apparently a lot of species are declining in the wild at a rate that's practically heading toward extinction. Yet because it's never really been researched until now, there's no accumulated know-how, and it's full of unknowns lol
5AnonymousSep 4, 2026 23:45
What about Miyako Konbu (the shredded-kelp snack)?
7AnonymousSep 5, 2026 04:53
This is more a variety than a species, isn't it.
24AnonymousSep 5, 2026 16:09
http://www.h-skk.or.jp/index.php?%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E7%94%A3%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E
Genus Laminaria (kombu) — 13 species:
【Ma-kombu (incl. Yayan-kombu)】, 【Hosome-kombu】, 【Rishiri-kombu】, 【Oni-kombu (incl. Rishiri-type Enaga-oni-kombu and Kukinaga-kombu)】,
Enaga-kombu, Mitsuishi-kombu, Naga-kombu, Gaggara-kombu, Karafuto-kombu, Chijimi-kombu, Karafuto-tororo-kombu, Endou-kombu, Gohei-kombu

Does that mean the ones in【 】brackets are all the same species, and the differences come down to habitat?
Re: #7
Doesn't "variety" imply there's a genetic difference though?
10AnonymousSep 5, 2026 05:36
They're variants.

By the way, with dogs too — apart from wolf-type dogs like Siberian Huskies and the Chow Chow, pretty much all the rest are variants of the same species.
12AnonymousSep 5, 2026 10:28
It comes down to what standard you use to define "same species." Seaweed seems like it can regenerate even from a torn-off fragment, so using pollination/fertilization compatibility as the definition of species — the usual approach — seems hard to apply to seaweed.
13AnonymousSep 5, 2026 10:52
Sounds like the Showa era, back before DNA testing was standard practice.
15AnonymousSep 5, 2026 12:40
Re: #13
Do you think DNA analysis is some kind of cure-all?
Clones or identical twins have identical DNA, but are you saying even a single base-pair difference makes it a different species?
This is about how much variation you allow and how much you don't allow —
it's a matter of definition, that's all.
16AnonymousSep 5, 2026 12:42
I can't shake the feeling I heard this exact same story about 20 years ago.
18AnonymousSep 5, 2026 14:07
Echizen crab and Matsuba crab are both just snow crab (zuwaigani) anyway.
19AnonymousSep 5, 2026 14:16
Kelp's in the ocean, but no dashi comes out, I wonder why♪

Four kinds of kelp turn out to be the same kind, I wonder why♪

I wonder why♪ I wonder why♪ Why oh why is that♪ (riffing on the Tunnels comedy duo's novelty song "Nande Darou")
20AnonymousSep 5, 2026 15:17
Is the extra-sticky Gagame-kombu (a.k.a. Neko-ashi-kombu, "cat-paw kelp") a different species then?
22AnonymousSep 5, 2026 15:42
Short, bald, fat, and smelly — turns out these four "complexes" were secretly the same worry all along (a pun on "konpu"/complex echoing "kombu" from the headline)
23AnonymousSep 5, 2026 16:03
When I went to Rishiri Island, they had kelp out drying. Rishiri kelp's supposed to be a premium item, right?
25AnonymousSep 5, 2026 16:11
So this is what they call "wake-wakame," huh? (a pun combining "wakaranai," meaning "I don't get it," with wakame seaweed)
26AnonymousSep 5, 2026 16:26
Doesn't it matter where it was harvested?
36AnonymousSep 5, 2026 23:13
Even if they're the same DNA-wise, the taste is completely different, so classify them properly.
37AnonymousSep 6, 2026 00:47
Out west, when you say dashi, kelp's the first thing that comes to mind.
38AnonymousSep 6, 2026 04:57
This is from something I read a long time ago, but apparently even kelp of the same species has different umami content depending on where it's from — though it was a slight difference.
If that's the case, it might be fine to keep different product names, but I'd appreciate it if they'd label it alongside like "(Ma-kombu)" or "(snow crab)," just to be clear.
40AnonymousSep 6, 2026 06:07
Re: #38
Every now and then someone says that.
39AnonymousSep 6, 2026 05:20
Oh My Kombu! (a play on "Oh my God")

Background and Key Points of Debate

Kelp (genus Saccharina, commonly called kombu) has long been finely classified as a Japanese seafood product, but many of those classifications were empirical distinctions based on region or shape, with little genetic backing. What’s new about this study is that it revisited the classification using the objective method of DNA analysis. That said, the very definition of “species” is prone to disagreement in organisms where reproductive compatibility — the usual yardstick for animals — is hard to apply, and the thread raised exactly that point, debating the difference between “variety” and “species” and the difficulty of judging species given seaweed’s unique ability to reproduce through regeneration and fragmentation. It’s also worth noting — something the article itself doesn’t get into — that even kelp genetically identical as a single species could still end up marketed and labeled under different product names, given differences in umami content by region.

*This article is excerpted and summarized from the 5ch (Science News+) thread “[Biology] Four Kelp Varieties Turn Out to Be the Same Species — Revealed by Hokkaido University Team’s DNA Analysis.”

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