Research from Stanford University and others has revealed that the human brain — which looks like a single continuous organ — actually developed from two different origins at its front and back, making it, in effect, “two organs.” At an extremely early stage, just about a week after fertilization, the researchers found that the cluster of cells destined to become the forebrain and midbrain, and the cluster destined to become the hindbrain (which governs breathing and heartbeat), had already branched apart by activating separate genes (Otx2 and Gbx2). On 5ch’s Science News+ board, the thread filled up with quips like “well, the brain started as gut anyway” and trivia about whether the brainstem or the cerebrum is evolutionarily older, alongside a lively philosophical debate over which brain actually produces consciousness.
What We Call the “Brain” Turns Out to Be a Combination of Two Different Organs — Front and Back Grown From Separate “Seeds”
Research conducted at Stanford University and other institutions in the United States has revealed that our brain, which appears to be one continuous whole, actually grew from cells that form two separate “seeds” at the front and the back.
The front, which handles language and thought, and the back, which handles life-sustaining work like breathing and heartbeat, go their separate ways from the very moment the brain’s precursor forms — making them, in effect, two organs.
Source: nazology.kusuguru.co.jp / Original article here
Exactly right — the gut is the real mastermind behind the whole human body!
>>The back, meanwhile — located where the skull meets the neck — makes up most of what's called the brainstem, and handles the 'autopilot' functions that keep us alive: breathing, sleep, heartbeat, and hunger regulation.
Couldn't combining Re: #8-11 help explain the brains of people with mental illness?
Couldn't combining Re: #8-11 help explain the brains of people with intellectual disabilities?
>>At this stage, they found, the cells destined to become the brain already split into two clearly distinct groups.
>>The first group is the seed of the forebrain and midbrain (the anterior neural ectoderm), marked by activation of a gene called Otx2.
>>The second group is the seed of the hindbrain (the posterior neural ectoderm), marked by activation of a different gene called Gbx2.
Maybe Re: #1's research will eventually shed light on the mechanism behind this weird glitch in information processing too.
There's a real possibility that we — the motor nervous system — are just slaves being puppeted by the endocrine system for the sake of never-ending feeding and reproductive behavior lol
We're the slaves who developed as a terminal tissue wrapped around the tip of the gut/reproductive nervous system lol
Cerebrum: governs thought, memory, and reason.
Cerebellum: integrates balance and posture control.
Diencephalon: controls the autonomic nervous system and endocrine function, and is linked to emotional function.
Brainstem: the midbrain contains the nucleus of the oculomotor nerve and moves the eyeballs. The pons governs taste, hearing, and facial muscles. The medulla oblongata governs life-sustaining functions like breathing, circulation, and digestion.
We can actually become conscious of reflex movements, so the question is whether we're only conscious of the movement after it happens via the tactile system, or whether we're conscious of the actual command to move itself lol
At least I definitely have zero awareness of consciously moving my gut or heart lol
How would you even go about reasoning out what the brainstem is doing lol
If it were done consciously, you'd stop breathing and your heart would stop the moment you fell asleep, so you'd die.
And if you got drunk and passed out, you'd die too.
Good, then, lol
The cerebellum handles movements you can't really be conscious of either, lol
Though you could also say we're mistaking emotion for facial expression lol
But eyeballs, we definitely move those ourselves. No wait, there's probably an 'automatic mode' for that too lol
Maybe the current theory is only looking at the 'automatic mode' cases lol
During a manic episode they're out and about being active,
but during a depressive episode they shut themselves in their room and won't step outside at all.
That's pretty odd behavior for someone who's supposedly medicated, isn't it?
2019/05/31
https://www.google.com/goto?url=CAESdwHrOzAVn0CqwYnC8jvpNTIg4FTmyMq1YZltV10H4ELpw5BjwZRd1tPmG0OdOEpIFkugEsiURaAG4iOfRA2RM5jiIWgYQhHV9UEKU2CRhGUAAEYCIJkpZiJB0OCvpOR0q100X5S7R9ldMPtF7s3Aw-3_Ni7Vo7NJ
The Hawaii Department of Health has issued a warning that cases of a parasite infecting the human brain are on the rise. Over the past decade there were only 2 reported cases of this parasite infecting humans, but 17 were confirmed in 2017, 10 in 2018, and already 5 so far in 2019.
Why fruit flies are used in research:
Short generation time: they grow from egg to adult in about two weeks, allowing experiments across multiple generations in a short period.
Genetic similarity to humans: many genes involved in human diseases are shared with fruit flies, which helps with analysis.
Background and Key Points of This Discussion
The key point of this research is that it traces the brain’s origins all the way back to an extremely early stage of fetal development — the “gastrulation” period, about a week after fertilization. It was already known that the future brain’s cells occupy different positions at the front and back, split even at this stage into a forebrain/midbrain group activating the gene Otx2 and a hindbrain group activating Gbx2. What this study newly demonstrated is that this split is developmentally independent enough to be called a difference in “seed” or origin. The division of labor — with the front handling language, thought, and consciousness, and the back (the brainstem) handling automatic control like breathing and heartbeat — corresponds to this difference in origin. The thread saw plenty of trivia-style banter like “the brain started as gut anyway” and “the cerebellum and brainstem are older,” as well as an extended philosophical debate over which brain consciousness actually resides in. Some posts speculated that this research might explain the causes of mental illness or intellectual disabilities, but it’s worth noting that this speculation goes beyond what the study itself reported and is not currently backed by medical evidence.
*This article is compiled as an excerpt and summary from the 5ch (Science News+) thread “[Nazology] What We Call the ‘Brain’ Turns Out to Be a Combination of Two Different Organs — Front and Back Grown From Separate ‘Seeds’.”
